Note:The use of bag filter general maintenance and matters need attention can be divided into dust emission standard and dust collector pressure than the normal high, and the service life of filter bag too short and so on three aspects, between the three have obvious correlation, as follows:

　　一、粉尘排放超标

　　造成粉尘排放超标的基本原因

　　1滤袋表面的初始层不够;

　　2滤袋破损;

　　3滤袋装配不良;

　详细的情况如下

　　1、滤袋表面的初始层不够

　　在集尘器的运行中，如果排放超标且除尘器的运行压力比设计的过低，极有可能是滤袋的表面初始粉层不足，其原因可能是滤袋的过滤速度过高、滤袋的清洗周期过短、喷吹压缩空气的压力过高、粉尘的负载性降低等。

　　过高的过滤速度，粉尘的排出率会增加，过高的过滤气速，会使初始粉尘层破碎，以及粉尘冲击滤袋而造成过度磨损，如果此时清洗滤袋次数过高极易导致滤袋的织物松散，这些都会使集尘器排放超标。

　　在设定除尘器脉冲清洗的周期时，以能保证除尘器工作在稳定的压力下、设定的脉冲清洗周期时间最长为好，脉冲清洗时间以能保证初始粉尘不脱落，设定的时间清洗最短为好，如果初始粉尘层不足，可以采用延长清洗周期补赏，如果使用压差控制，可以提高除尘器的进出口压力设定的稳定性。

　　如果集尘器超标排放仅仅是在清洗滤袋之后发生，则只需检查脉冲清洗的压缩空气的压力是否过大。

　　粉尘的负载降低可能来自生产率的降低，或者是除尘器的控制系统的检修、调整造成的，解决的方法：可以采用用轻负荷慢慢开始升载或者采用预覆粉尘的方法来解决。

　　2、滤袋破损(磨损、烧毁、腐蚀)

　　滤袋的使用占除尘器维修费用的最大，最高可达维修费用的70%以上。其基本的情况是磨损、烧毁、腐蚀等，解决的方法可以采用以下几种方式：

　　1磨损

　　过高的过滤气速，致使粉尘冲击、磨损滤袋，也使滤袋的织物纤维张力受损，解决的方法：调整除尘器的废气流量，当预期的流量变化较大，可以增加流量自动控制系统以保证除尘器工作在稳定的气量。

　　集尘器的进气分布不均，容易使高含量的含尘废气直接冲击局部滤袋，容易使废气进口处部分滤袋穿孔、使用周期过短，解决的方法：在除尘器进风口导管处安装进气分布导板，或者针对经常磨损部位的滤袋更换成耐磨损的滤袋。

　　滤袋间的距离过小、龙骨弯曲等容易造成滤袋间的磨损，应调整、安装牢固滤袋并更换弯曲的龙骨。

　　滤袋与龙骨的直径相差关系，太小时清洗效果不佳，应提高清洗周期和提高喷吹空气的压力，太大时滤袋与龙骨的摩擦，会加速磨损，较佳的配合为滤袋比龙骨的周长大10~20mm,长度应该一致，对某些滤布随温度变化较大、而且有伸长的特性时，需特别注意。

　　龙骨焊接处有破洞或毛刺时，或因腐蚀产生的粗糙的表面，亦会加速滤袋的磨损。滤袋与多孔板密封不严，会造成滤袋顶端反褶处磨损，采用带有弹性环的比较好。 文氏管或脉冲管相对滤袋对齐不正，容易使滤袋上段产生机械摩擦，应调整。滤袋清洗太频繁，会加速滤袋的磨损，应调整。废气中含尘超过设计标准，也会使滤袋加速磨损。集尘器集灰斗储存的粉尘过多，也会加速滤袋的磨损.上述原因均会使集尘器排放超标，而且也会减少集尘器元器件的使用寿命，应重视。

　　2烧毁

　　造成除尘器滤袋的烧毁的原因，主要是废气的温度过高所至。如果除尘器长期处理的废气温度超过滤袋的工作条件，容易使滤袋硬化收缩，或融化产生破洞，在选择更换滤袋时尤为重要。

　　3腐蚀

　　气流中的凝露水还会造成滤袋的堵塞，当滤袋表面的初始粉尘层由于水分的原因，干燥后会使粉尘凝结、板结，从而导致滤袋式去了弹性，如果在此条件下脉冲清洗滤袋，将加速滤袋的损坏。

　　采用除尘器停机后再脉冲反吹清洗滤袋若干次，对保护滤袋有益。

　　二、阻力过高

　　集尘器的阻力在集尘器的设计中已经决定，但是在除尘器的运行中，如果发现除尘器的阻力在短时间急剧增加，则表示除尘器发生问题，应进行加修、调整。

　　1清洗装置调整不良

　　检查压缩空气的质量，是否含有油、水;检查供气管道是否畅通;检查脉冲电磁阀工作是否正常，紧固螺栓是否松动、膜片是否损坏、电磁线圈是否松动;阀芯是否卡住;顺序控制仪的设定是否符合要求，是否有所改变;喷气支管、文氏管是否安装准确;

　　2滤袋堵塞

　　滤袋的堵塞主要原因是过滤速度过大、粉尘过细、粉尘具有粘性、滤袋清洗不良、滤袋受潮。

　　如果除尘器运行的过滤气速超过滤袋的设计标准，则极易导致气流中的微细粉尘卡住在滤袋纤维内部。从而发生滤袋堵塞。采用覆膜滤料或在滤袋的表面预覆保护性粉层，是比较好的方法。

　　对于粘性大的粉尘，则需要降低过滤气速，或增大脉冲喷吹的压力，或采用离线脉冲清洗滤袋的方式，但较好的方法是增加过滤面积，以利降低过滤气速，延长滤袋的使用寿命。

　　滤袋清灰不良的主要包括清灰次数频繁、清灰时间过长。清灰次数过频容易使滤袋纤维组织松散从而增加废气中的微细粉尘堵塞滤袋，清灰时间过长会将滤袋表面的初始粉层一并清洗掉。

　　如果清灰时间过短，滤袋表面的粉尘还没有完全清洗干净时，随即开始进行过滤，粉尘逐渐累积在滤袋的表面，从而造成滤袋的堵塞，在解决这种问题，可以通过几次试运行进行调整。

　　滤袋受潮的原因：用于清灰的压缩空气太冷。为防止滤袋受潮，在寒冷的地区，可将用于清灰的压缩空气增加保温、加温、除油、除水，在除尘器停机后再继续清灰 10~20分。水份是滤袋堵塞的最大原因，造成含有水份的原因通常是低温发生凝露，尤其在处理燃烧或高温烟气时，对这样的情况可采用以下的方法防止：

　　①避免不当开机

　　②避免在除尘器阻力大时开机;

　　在低于露点时开机;

　　在集尘器停机后滤袋表面有冷凝水时重新开机，如此时进入大量含尘空气，加上高湿度将导致滤袋表面泥泞。

　　为防治这种情况，应预热除尘器进口含尘空气、或预覆粉尘层。

　　③在低于露点开机

　　集尘器在低于露点运行，容易发生问题，如果进气分布不匀，容易造成除尘器壳体局部的腐蚀，因此，应避免除尘器工作在凝露点以下，有保温的装置应使用。

　　④空气渗入

　　空气渗入经常发生在除尘器的法兰、检修门或除尘器的活动装置，如果密封不严，外部空气进入除尘器，

　　当处理高温废气时，会在除尘器内部产生低温区，从而导致低温处结露，腐蚀除尘器、造成滤袋的受潮。

　　3不当气体分布

　　如果除尘器的进口气体分布不匀，在除尘器开机时会发生阻力较大，因此，应保证除尘器的进气分布均匀。

　　三、滤袋的寿命过短

　　影响滤袋的使用寿命的因素如下：

　　滤袋的品种使用不当;滤袋的品质;过滤气速;粉尘负载;粉尘成份;粉尘特性;清洗方法;清洗频率;系统开机、停机次数;以及相关的维护工作。

　　在评定滤袋的使用寿命时，应考虑是否使用不当，认真检查、记录集尘器工作情况，除尘器是否经常在露点以下开机、关机，以及脉冲清洗的周期、清洗时间是否合理，加装差压计、温度计是保证纪录的先决条件。

Note: the use of the baghouse maintenance of general issues and considerations can be divided into the dust emissions exceeding precipitator pressure is higher than normal, and the service life of the filter bag is too short, three among obvious correlation, as follows:

First, excessive dust emissions

Excessive dust emissions

Initial layer of a filter bag surface is not enough;

2 filter bag breakage;

3 filter bag assembly bad;

The detailed information is as follows

The initial layer of the filter bag surface is not enough

Operation of the dust collector emissions exceeding the the precipitator operating pressure than the design of low, most likely the initial powder layer of the surface of the filter bag may be due to the excessive speed of filter bag filter, filter bag cleaning cycle is too short, the injection pressure of the compressed air is too high, the dust load reduced.

Excessive speed of filtration, dust discharge rate increases, excessive filtration gas velocity, will make the initial dust layer broken and filter bag dust impact caused excessive wear, If the cleaning filter bag the number is too high and can easily lead to filter bag fabric loose, these will cause excessive emissions of dust collector.

Precipitator pulse cleaning cycle is set to be able to guarantee precipitators work in a stable pressure, the set cycle time of the pulse cleaning longest pulse cleaning time to be able to guarantee that initial dust does not fall off, the set minimum of time cleaning, initial dust layer, can be used to extend the cleaning cycle complement reward, if the differential pressure control, can improve the stability of the the precipitator outlet pressure set.

If excessive dust collector emissions only occur after cleaning the filter bag, you only need to check the pulse cleaning compressed air pressure is too large.

The dust load reduction possible from the lowering of productivity, or the precipitator control system overhaul, adjustment caused, the solution slowly began to rise with the light load load or dust pre-coating method: can be used to solve.

2, the filter bag breakage (wear, burned, corrosion)

More than 70% of the maximum the bag use accounted precipitator maintenance costs, up to maintenance costs. The basic case of wear, burned, corrosion, etc., to solve the method can be used in several ways:

1 wear

Excessive filtration gas velocity, resulting in dust impact, abrasion filter bag filter bag fabric fiber tension damaged Solution: adjust the exhaust gas flow of the precipitator, can increase the flow when the the expected flow changes, automatic control system to ensure precipitators work in a stable gas.

Uneven distribution of the intake of the dust collector, easy to make high levels of dust exhaust directly impact local filter bag, easy to make the exhaust gas at the inlet portion of the filter bag perforation, the life cycle is too short, the solution: in the precipitator inlet conduit at install intake distribution of the guide plate, or for regular wear parts filter bag replacement filter bags abrasion.

The distance between the filter bag is too small keel bending easily cause wear in the filter bag should be adjusted, and securely installed filter bag and replace it with a curved keel.

Better coordination for the bag than the diameter of the bag and keel difference relationship is too small, the cleaning effect is poor, should improve the cleaning cycle and increase the pressure of the blowing air, is too large, the friction of the bag and keel will accelerate wear 10 ~ 20mm, the weeks grew up keel length should be the same, some filter cloth varies with temperature, and elongation characteristics, need special attention.

Keel weld holes or burrs or rough surface due to corrosion, will speed up the filter bag wear. Filter bag with the porous plate Mifengbuyan, caused by the deconvolution filter bag top to wear with elastic ring is better. Venturi or pulse tube relatively filter bag alignment is not correct, easy to make the filter bag to produce mechanical friction previous paragraph, should be adjusted. Filter bag cleaning too frequently, wear will accelerate the filter bag should be adjusted. Exhaust dust more than design standards also make the filter bag accelerate wear. The dust collector gathers dust too much ash bucket stored, will accelerate the wear of the filter bag. Above were due to the dust collector will excessive emissions, but would also reduce the service life of the components of the dust collector, should pay attention to.

2 burned

The burning of the reasons that cause dust collector filter bags, exhaust gas temperature is too high actions. If the precipitator long-term treatment of the exhaust gas temperature exceeds the working conditions of the filter bag is easy to make the filter bag curing shrinkage, or melt holes in particularly important when you choose to replace the filter bag.

3 corrosion

The flow of condensation water can also cause clogging of the filter bag when the initial filter bag surface dust layer due to water, dried and causes dust condensation, compaction, leading Bagless go flexibility, if this condition under pulse cleaning filter bag, filter bag will accelerate the damage.

Precipitator shutdown after pulse blowback cleaning filter bag several times, beneficial to the protection of the filter bag.

Second, the resistance is too high

The resistance of the dust collector in the design of the dust collector has been decided, but in the operation of the precipitator, and if found the dust resistance is increased dramatically in a short time, said precipitator problem occurs, plus repair should be carried out, adjustment.

1 bad cleaning device to adjust

Check the quality of the compressed air, the presence of oil, water; Check the gas supply pipe is smooth; checking pulse electromagnetic valve is working properly fastening bolt is loose, the diaphragm is damaged, the electromagnetic coil is loose; spool stuck; order whether the setting of the control device to meet the requirements, whether the change; jet manifold, venturi tube is installed accurately;

2 filter bags clogging

The the filter bags clogging the main reason is the filtration rate is too big, too small dust, sticky dust, poor filter bag cleaning filter bag damp.

If the filter precipitator run gas velocity exceeds the design criteria of the filter bag can easily lead to fine dust stuck in the air flow inside the filter bag fibers. To filter bag blockage occurs. Membrane filter media or pre-coating protective layer of powder in the surface of the filter bag is a better approach.

Filtered gas velocity for viscous dust, you will need to reduce or increase the pressure of the pulse jet or offline pulse cleaning filter bag, but a better way is to increase the filtration area, reduce the filtered gas velocity in order to facilitate, extend the service life of the filter bag.

Poor filter bag cleaning including frequent cleaning, the cleaning time is too long. The cleaning too frequent the filter bag fibrous tissue loose thereby increasing the initial powder layer of fine dust in the exhaust clogged filter bags, cleaning time is too long will filter bag surface in conjunction cleansed.

If the cleaning time is too short, the surface of the dust bag is not completely clean when, immediately began to filter, dust gradually accumulated in the surface of the filter bag, resulting in the clogging of the filter bag, in solving this problem through several trial operation to be adjusted.

The filter bag damp the reason: too cold compressed air for cleaning. To prevent the bag from moisture in cold regions, the compressed air for cleaning increase the insulation, heating, degreasing, in addition to water, precipitator shutdown and then continue cleaning 10 to 20 points. The water clogged filter bag caused contain water usually due to low temperature condensation, especially when to handle combustion or high temperature flue gas, the following methods can be used to prevent this:

① avoid improper boot

② avoid boot the precipitator resistance is large;

Boot below the dew point;

Reboot after the shutdown of the dust collector filter bag surface condensate, so when you enter a large number of dust-laden air, combined with high humidity will cause the filter bag surface muddy.

For the prevention and treatment of this case, should be preheated the precipitator imports dust air, or pre-coated dust layer.

③ boot below the dew point

Dust collector below the dew point run, prone to problems, intake uneven distribution precipitator casing is likely to cause local corrosion, therefore, should avoid precipitator below the dew point, the insulation of the device should be used.

④ air infiltration

Air infiltration occurs frequently in the dust flange, maintenance door or precipitator activities device, If Mifengbuyan, outside air into the dust,

When dealing with high-temperature exhaust gas, will produce low-temperature zone inside the precipitator, resulting in the low temperature at condensation, corrosion precipitator, causing the filter bag damp.

3 improper gas distribution

Precipitator inlet gas uneven distribution precipitator power greater resistance, therefore, should ensure that the the precipitator intake evenly distributed.

The life of the filter bag is too short

Factors affecting the service life of the filter bag is as follows:

Filter bag varieties used improperly; quality of the filter bag; filtered gas velocity; dust load; dust composition; dust characteristics; cleaning method; cleaning frequency; system boot, the number of shutdowns; maintenance work.

Improper use, carefully check the record of the work of the dust collector, the precipitator whether frequent boot below the dew point, shutdown, and pulse cleaning cycle, the cleaning time is reasonable, the installation of difference should be considered in assessing the service life of the filter bag pressure gauge, thermometer is a prerequisite for ensuring the record.